English for distance education (Giáo trình tiếng Anh dùng cho hệ đào tạo từ xa)

one, so I was late for work. I felt so 3.I saw Andy eating a burger! I thought he was vegetarian. That’s very. 4. I was lying on the beach in the sun all day yesterday. How 5. On my holiday it rained every day. That’s just so 6.I ran my first full marathon on Sunday. I was 2. Grammar questions 1. Mention others ing/ed adjectives you know! 2. What is the different use between ing_adjective and ed_adjective? GRAMMAR REVIWEW 1.-ing adjectives describe a situation, person, or thing. An interesting life A boring teacher An exciting film 2.– ed adjectives descride how people feel. I’m very interested in modern art. We are bored at the end of the lesson. PRACTICE 1.Complete the sentences. Use one of these adjectives. Excit- Frighten- Bor- Interest- Confus- Disappoint- Worry/ worri- Supris- -ed -ing 1.“I met a famous film star today?” “Really? How___________!” 2. “I spent four hours going round a museum.” “Was it___________”. “No, it was_______” 3.“I haven’t heard from my parents for two months.” “You must be_________” 4. “Wow, Maria! What are you doing here?” “Why are you so _________to see me?” 5. I failed my exam. I worked really hard for it. I’m so________ 6. “A man started to follow me home last night.” “Weren’t you _________?” 7. My computer’s broken, and I don’t understand the manual. It’s so____________. 2. Complete the sentences with the correct adjectives excited/ exciting Life in New York is very____________ The football fans were very_________ tired/ tiring The marathon runners were very__________ That game of tennis was very____________ annoyed/ annoying The child’s behaviour was very really________ The teacher was _______when nobody did the homework. worried/ worrying The news is very_______ Everybody was very _________when they heard the news. PRESENTATION 2: So/ such 1.Look at the sentences. When do we use so, such a (an), so many and so much? We were all so worried! Mike’s such an idiot! It was such an interesting idea ! He has such crazy friends! We had such an annoying weather on holiday! There are so many places I want to go! I’ve got so much work GRAMMAR REVIEW 1.So is an adjective and is used before adverbs and adjectives which are not followed by their nouns. They were all so tired . The snow fell so fast. So can be followed by many + count noun/ by much + uncount noun. There are so many photos on the table. I’ve got so much time. 2.Such is an adjective and is used before an adjective + nouns. They had such a frightening dog. He is such a talented man Such is never used before much and many. 3.So + adjective/ adverb + that and such + adjective + noun + that are used to emphasize qualities and characteristics. The film was so boring that I felt asleep. She spoke for such a long time that people began to fall asleep. PRACTICE 1.Complete the sentences in A with so, such, such a, so many, so much. Then match them with the sentences in B. A B 1.Their house is_______mess. 2.There were_______people at the party. 3.I’m_______hungry. 4.Jane and Pete are ________nice people. 5.I’ve spent _________ money this week! 6. A present for me? You’re_______ kind. 7. We’ve had ________nice time. 8.Molly’s _________clever dog! a. I could eat a horse. b. I don’t know where it’s all gone. c. You really didn’t have to. d. She understands every word I say. e. There was no where to dance. f. Thank you so much for inviting us. g. But I can’t stand their children. h. I don’t know how they live in it. 2. Use so that or such that to match two sentences in one sentence. 1. There were a lot of clouds in the sky. I couldn't see much. 2. It was a cloudy night. I couldn’t see much. 3. The meteor particles are small. They burn up before they reach the earth. 4. The meteor storm is a big threat to satellites. They are being moved out of the way. 5.The meteor particles move fast. They become bullets in space. PRESENTAION 3 Relative clause 1.Read the description of a town. Complete with who, which or where. I was born in Newcastle, a city in the north-east of England. Newcastle is on the bank of the River Tyne. It is quite big, with a population of about 300,000 people. There is a catheral and a university. There are five bridges over the River Tyne,______link Newcastle to the next town Gateshead,______there is one of the biggest shopping centres in the world, the Metro Centre. I moved from Newcastle ten years ago but I often return. I miss the people,_______are so warm and friendly, and I miss the wild, beautiful countryside near the city, _______there are so many hillsmand streams. People________are born near the River Tyne have a special name. They are called “Geordies”. I am very pleased to be a “Geordie”! GRAMMAR QUESTION 1.How do we call “who; which; where”? 2. How do we use them? GRAMMAR REVIEW Who, that, which and where are relative pronouns. We use them to join sentences. 1.Who/ that is used to replace a noun of person/ people. - Who/ that can be the subject of the relative clause. I met the man. He works in a bank => I met a man who works in the bank. - Who/ that also can be the object. I met the man. Anna loves that man. => I met the man who Anna loves 2. Which/ that is used to replace a noun of thing/ things. They can be the subject or object of the relative clause. I bought the coat. It was in the shop windown. =>I bought the coat which/that was in the shop windown. Anna bought the coat. She wanted this coat very much. => Anna bought the coat which/ that she wanted very much. 3. Where is used to replace a noun of place (in which) The hotel was very comfortable. We stay in it. =>The hotel where we stayed was very comfortable. Note: We often leave out the relative pronoun when it is the object. I met the man Anna loves. Anna bought the coat she wanted very much. PRACTICE 1.Complete the sentences with who, which or that. If it is possible to leave the relative pronoun out, put brackets around it. 1.He’s the man (who/that) Anna loves. 2. The film star gave a party________cost £10,000. 3. The man ______you met at the party was a famous film star. 4. You’rereading the book____I wanted to read. 5. I don’t like food______is very spicy. 6. That’s the dictionnary_____Bill gave me for my birthday. 7. Do you like the people_______Sarah invited to her party? 8. There’s someone at the doorm_________wants to speak to George. CHECK IT 1. Complete the sentences with a word from the box. Careful! They are not all used. interested/interesting annoyed/annoying frightened/frightening bored/boring excited/exciting disappointed/disappointing exhausted/exhausting worried/worrying surprised/surprising 1. The TV programme was so ________that I felt asleep. 2. Children can't get to sleep on Christmas Eve. They're too_________. 3. A Hi, Mum! B Carol! Thank goodness you rang! Where have you been? We’ve been so_______ 4. A Hello, darling. I’ve got a present for you. B Forme? A Don't look so_____ __ I often buy you presents. B But it isn't my birthday! 5. The art exhibition was very _______My feet were killing me! I find going round art galleries and museums really________ . 6. Some people don't go out at night because they're_____that someone will rob them. 7. Our financial situation is very _______ We spend more and more, but we're earning less and less. 8. A You're yawning. Are you listening to what I'm saying? B I am! I'm really______I want to know what happened. It's just that I feel______I went to bed very late last night. 9. A Was your father_____when you told him your exam results? B He was furious. 2. Complete the article about Michael Jackson with who, which or where. American superstar Michael Jackson was born in Gary, Indiana, on August 29, 1958 and entertained audiences nearly all his entire life. Michael Jackson died just over one year ago, and on Friday and over the weekend, fans turned out around the globe in large numbers to pay their respects. Michael Jackson passed away on June 25, 2009, and legions of his fans came out to pay their respects. A crowed gathered in Los Angeles to offer tributes, to sing, to dance and to cry while remembering the pop icon (1) ______touched many lives with his music. At the gathering of fans, a huge banner read "The King of Pop, Michael Jackson, Gone Too Soon." Noted Erick Dominguez, a longtime fan (2)______ traveled nearly 100 miles to join the rally, "He’s been my idol all my life since I can remember. I feel like I haven’t had closure." Dominguez, perhaps summing up the love felt for Jackson by his fans, began to silently weep as he talked about his deceased hero. Meanwhile, fans also gathered in Jackson’s hometown of Gary, Indiana, (3) ______Jackon’s mother, Katherine, presented a memorial to her son that is located in the front yard of the small home in (4)______he grew up. Said Katherine Jackson, "This past year has been very hard on the family. If it wasn’t for the help of all of you, we wouldn’t have made it through." Jackson, (5)_______ was 50 when he died, clearly still elicits strong feelings in his fans. Yumiko Sasaki, a 48-year-old Tokyo resident, was at a gathering of fans in Japan that featured a showing of the late singer’s possessions, and noted, "I don’t know what to say. Seeing all his things makes it all come back to me. It makes me so sad to think that he is gong. He was wonderful. READING Active listening is the key to being sensitive to other's feelings. It can be hard to empathize and understand the feelings of another person, especially if you have not gone through the same experiences as her. However, with strong listening skills and body language that conveys you care, you can be sensitive to other people's feelings. Being genuine about your concern for her feelings is the best way to display interest and thoughtfulness. Asking questions and making her feel comfortable with your conversation sets the stage for a productive exchange. Instructions 1.Hold your body in a way that conveys acceptance and openness while she is expressing her feelings to you. Do not cross your arms and physically close your body off to her. Relax your shoulders, keep your hands at ease and do not hold strong expressions in your face, such as confusion or apathy. Refrain from walking around and being distracted by other things going on around you, such as the TV, radio or people who may be nearby. 2.Actively listen to what the person is saying and how she is saying it. Show you are listening by nodding your head and making sounds of agreement and understanding. Make notes in your head of questions you want to ask and what details need to be further explained to you. The most important comments are often expressed with a raised voice or serious tone in her voice. Take note of the comments that seem the most important. 3.Ask clarifying questions and avoid interrupting her. If the way she is demonstrating her feelings is confusing, ask her to provide an example. Try to think of similar experiences you have had that help you understand her current state of emotions. Share this common experience as it might bring you closer together and make her feel she has been heard and understood. Do not delegitimate any of the feelings she expresses. You cannot change the way that someone felt during a situation; only try to understand and attempt to make changes that prevent a bad feeling from happening in the future. 4.Follow up on your conversation at a later time when she is less stressed and further from the event that caused strong feelings. By checking in and asking how she is doing, you are showing you care about what she told you even after the fact. Ask if there is anything else you can do for her such as bring tea, call a friend or attend an event together that takes her mind off the stressful situation. 1.Read the text and answer the questions below 1.According to the text, what do you need to be sensitive to other people’s feelings? 2. How many stages should you follow? 3. What do you do while she is expressing her feelings to you? 4. What do you do with the most important comments? 5. Shouldn’t you ask her to provide an example when her demonstration of feeling is confusing? 6. What do you do to show your care about what she told you? 2. Are these statements true or false? 1. It is easy to understand other people’s feelings. 2. You shouldn’t walk around and be distracted by other things going on around you. 3. Nodding your head and making sounds of agreement and understanding is not an active listening. 4. Interrupting her is a good way to be sensitive. 5. Attending an event with her may take her mind off the stressful situation. LISTENING Listen and circle the best response 1. a. Yes, he is b. I’d say I was a little shy. c. You would? 2. a. Yes, very b. Yes, I think she is. c. Yes, I think I’m pretty intelligent 3. a. He’s a kind of slender. b. Yes, he has a moustache. c. Yes, Is that a problem? 4. a. She’s very smart. b. She’s very tall. c. she likes clean-shaven men. 5. a. Yes, he is b. Around 180 centimeters c. Twenty-eight 6. a. You’re kidding! b. I love men with beards. c. I’m not sure. WRITING 1. Join the sentences with the correct relative pronouns 1.There’s a boy. He broke the window. 2. That’s the palace. The King lives in it. 3. There are policemen. They caught the thief. 4. He gave her a watch. It stopped after two days. 5. The Red Lion is a pub. We met in it for a drink. 6. Here are the letters. They arrived this morning. 7. That’s the house. I was born in it. 8. Where is the woman? She ordered the fish. 2.Use so that or such that to match two sentences in one sentence. 1. The meteor shower is a rare occurrence. It only comes every 33 years. 2. The comet has a large wake. It passes through the earth’s upper atmosphere. 3. The shooting stars appear frequently. You can see two or three a minute. 4. Scientists consider this a unique opportunity. They are flying in aircrafts to study it. 5. These observations will reveal important information. Scientists will be studying results for years. 6 UNIT Places and things What’s it like? Comparatives and superlatives WARM UP What is your favourite: -town - song - food - film - sport - buiding? Look at these photos about Thomas and John. What are their favourite things? Their favourite Their favourit sport is their . 2.Which of these adjectives do you thinks go with the photos? fantastic talented delicious glamorous shocking romantic vietnamese skillful PRESENTATION 1 What’s it like? Look at the questions and answers. A What is your teacher like? B She is very nice – kind and patient. A What are his parents like? B They’re strict and a bit frightening. GRAMMAR QUESTION 1.When do we use the question “Whatlike?” 2. What kind of word is “like”? GRAMMAR REVIEW What’s it like? 1.“What like?” means “describe somebody or something. Tell me about them. I don’t know anything about them” What is your new boyfriend like? => He is handsome and intelligent. What is your mother like? => She is kind hearted. Note: How’s your mother? Ask about the health. It doesn’t ask for a description. How’s your mother? => She is very well, thank you. 2. In the question “Whatlike?”, like is a preposition. Don’t be confused with “like” as a verb. What is Jim like? => He is very talented. What does Jim like? => he likes collecting stamps. PRACTICE 1.Match the questions and answers. Questions: 1. What’s Phil like? 2. What does Phil like? 3. How’s Phil? Answers: a. Very well, thanks. b. Oh, the usual things – good food and nice people. c. He’s tall, funny and very kind. 2. Thomas is answering questions about his home town, London. Complete the questions with is or are and the correct words from the box. London the restaurants the people the buildings the night -life the weather 1.Q What ‘s London like? T Well, it's a really exciting city! There's so much going on all the time. 2. Q What ________________ like? T It's OK, and not very cold in winter, but people don't come here for the sunshine! 3. Q What ________________ like? T They're very interesting. They come from all over the world. London's a very cosmopolitan city. 4. Q What _______________ like? T Fantastic! Lots of them are historical and famous, but there are some wonderful modern ones, too. 5. Q What_______________ T They're great! You can find food from every country in the world. 6. Q What_____________ like? T Oh, It’s amazing! There are so many clubs and theatres, and, of course, the music scene is fantastic. PRESENTATION 2 Comparatives and superlatives 1.Look at the pictures. What do you know about them? 1.Berlin 2. Detroit 3. Tokyo 2. Read and use the words below to complete the interview between a journalist and a singer. historical buildings; like; birthplace; interesting; food; music; delecious; city A Do you travel a lot, Leroy? B Oh yeah, I sing all over the world. Last year, I was in Berlin, Tokyo, Detroit. A And what are they(1)__________? B Well, they are all big, busy cities. Tokyo is the biggest and the busiest. It’s much bigger than Berlin. A And is it more(2)_______? B Well. They are all interesting, but, in fact, for me, the most interesting is Detroit. A Really? Why? B Well, in some ways, perhaps it isn’t as interesting as the other two cities – It hasn’t________(3), or beautiful old Japanese temples – but you see, Detroit is the (4)_________of soul music and that’s everything to me. A Hmm, I see. So Detroit is best for (5)_______. What about (6)______? Which is _the best ________(7) for food? B Ah the food. For me, ther’s no question, Tokyo definitely has the most (8)_________food. – I just love jananese food. A Is it even better than chicken satay? B Ah, I don’t know about that. GRAMMAR QUESTION 1.How many types of comparasion used in the interview? Which one? 2. How to use these types of comparasion? GRAMMAR REVIEW Comparative and superlative Form 1 Look at the chart. Comparative Superlative Short adjectives cheap small 'big Cheaper smaller bigger cheapest smallest biggest Adjectives that end in -y funny earrly heavy funnier earlier heavier funniest earliest heaviest Adjectives with two syllables or more careful boring expensive interesting more careful more boring more expensive more interesting most careful most boring most expensive most interesting Irregular adjectives far good bad further better worse furthest best worst 1.For short adjectives with one vowel 4 one consonant, double the consonant: hot/hotter/hottest; fat/fatter/fattest. 2.Than is often used after a comparative adjective. I'm younger than Barbara. Barbara's more intelligent than Sarah. 3.Much can come before the comparative to give emphasis. She's much nicer than her sister. Is Tokyo much more modern than London? 4.The is used before superlative adjectives. He's the funniest boy in the class. Which is the tallest building in the wvorld? Use 1 Comparatives compare one thing, person, or action with another. She's taller than me. linden's more expensive than Rome. 2 .Superlatives compare somebody or something with the whole group. She's the tallest in the class. It's the most expensive hotel in the world. 3 As... as shows that something is the same or equal. Jirn's as tall as Peter. I'm as worried as you are. 4 Not as/so ...as shows that something isn't the same or equal. She isn't as tall as her mother. My car wasn't so expensive as yours. PRACTICE 1. Write the comparative and the superlative of each adjective. Comparative Superlative 1. easy 2. expensive 3. far 4. sad 5. interesting 6. big 7. good 8. funny 2. Complete the comparative or superlative form of the adjective in brackets. 1.This restaurant is________(cheap) than the other one in this street. The food is really good. I think it's the____________(delicious) food in town. 2.Who is the _____ _(popular) actor in your country? 3.Michael is a good player, but John is a_________(good) player than him. But Peter is the_________ (talented) player in the team. 4. Could you tell me the ________(quick) way to get to London from here? 5.Eva is generous, but Laura is even_________(generous) than her. 6. I've never been__________(happy). This is the _________(happy) day of my life. CHECK IT 1.Your friend is living in Australia for a year. Ask questions about the country. 1. the weather: What’s the weather like? 2. the countryside 3. the people 4. the towns 5. Sydney 6. the beaches 7. the TV programmes 2. Match a question in exercise 1 with an answer. a. They’re mainly o the coast. They’re very modern. b. It’s hot nearly all year round. c. It’s a lovely place. The Opera House is fantastic. d. There are millions of sheep and there’s a lot of desert. e. They have beautiful white sand, and they’re miles long. f. They’re nearly nice and friendly. g. They’re OK. Pretty similar to home, really. 3. Correct the sentences. 1.He is more older than he looks. 2. Jessica is as tall than her mother. 3. “What does New York like?” “It’s really exciting.” 4. London is more expensive that Paris. 5. The University of Oxford is one of oldest universities in Europe. 6. He isn’t as intelligent than her sister. 7. This is more hard than I expected. 8. Who is the most rich man in the world? 9. Everything is more cheap in my country. 10. Rome was hotter that I expected. READING THE BIG BEN The Clock Tower of the Palace of Westminster, commonly known as the Big Ben, is one of London's most famous landmarks. Big Ben The name Big Ben actually refers to the clock's hour bell, the largest of the clock's five bells, the others being used as quarter bells. Big Ben There were two bells cast as the clock tower's hour bell. A first, a 16 ton weighing bell was cast by John Warner and Sons in 1856. Since the Clock Tower was not yet completed, the bell was hung temporarily in the Palace Yard. The bell soon cracked so it was recast in 1858 in the Whitechapel Bell Foundry as a 13.5 ton bell. Unfortunately soon after this bell was placed in the belfry in July 1859, it cracked as well. This time, instead of yet again recasting the bell, the crack was repaired and a lighter hammer was used to prevent any more cracks. The hour bell was probably named after Benjamin Hall, the First Commissioner of Works. Some sources however claim the bell was named after Benjamin Caunt, a British heavyweight boxing champion. The Clock The clock was the largest in the world and still the largest in Great-Britain. The clock faces have a diameter of almost 25ft (7.5m). The hour hand is 9ft or 2.7m long and the minute hand is 14ft (4.25m) long. The clock is known for its reliability, it has rarely failed during its long life span. Even after the nearby House of Commons was destroyed by bombing during World War II, the clock kept on chiming. The clock's mechanism, designed by Edmund Beckett Denison, has a remarkable accuracy. The clock's rate is adjusted by simply adding small pennies on the shoulder of the pendulum. 1. Read the text about Big Ben and answer the questions 1. Where is the Big Ben? 2. How many weight is the bell? 3. Who cast the first bell? 4. Why did the bell recast in 1858? 5. What do people use to prevent cracks? 6. Was the Bell named after Benjamin Caunt? 2. Read the text about the Clock. Are these statements about the Clock true or false. Correct the false ones. 1. The Clock is the biggest in the world. 2. The Clock is rarely exact. 3. The Clock was destroyed by bombing during World War II. 4. The clock's mechanismwas designed by Edmund Beckett Denison. LISTENING You are going to listen to Jane Bland talking to her friend, Fran, about her life in Sweden. Are these statement true or false in Sweden? 1.In winter there is only one hour of daylight. 2. Swedish people look forward to winter. 3. The houses are cold. 4. The houses are much better insulated than in Britain. 5. In parts of Sweden from May to July the sun never sets. 6. Londoners work longer h