Bài giảng Well drilling engineering - Chapter 3: Drilling Rig Components - Đỗ Quang Khánh

1 Well Drilling Engineering  Drilling Rig Components Dr. DO QUANG KHANH 2 Contents Introduction Power System Hoisting System Circulating System Rotary System Well Control System Well Monitoring System HW #. ADE 1.12, 1.13, 1.14 Introduction 4 Power System The electrical power generators are driven by diesel powered internal combustion engines( prime movers ). Electricity is then supplied to electric motors connected to the drawworks, rotary table and mud pumps Depending on size and capacity of rig, up to 4 prime movers, delivering more than 3000 hp. 5 Hoisting System Introduction Power System Hoisting System Circulating System Rotary System Well Control System Well Monitoring System A Rotary Rig Hoisting System T W FIG 1-1 Simple Pulley System T = W L D = 2W (no friction in sheave) T W W W 2W W = 4 T T = W/4 L D = 6 T = 6 W/4 n = number of lines W = weight (hook load) L D = load on derrick Assuming no friction FIG 1-2 Block and Tackle System Example 1.1 (no friction) The total weight of 9,000 ft of 9 5/8-inch casing for a deep well is determined to be 400,000 lbs. Since this will be the heaviest casing string run, the maximum mast load must be calculated. Assuming that 10 lines run between the crown and the traveling blocks and neglecting buoyancy effects, calculate the maximum load. Fig. 1.17 Projection of Drilling Lines on Rig Floor TOTAL E = overall efficiency When there is no friction, E = 1.00 Load on Derrick( considering friction in sheaves) Derrick Load = Hook Load + Fast Line Load + Dead Line Load F d = W + F f + F s × E = overall efficiency, e.g., E = e n = 0.98 n e = individual sheave efficiency n = number of lines Example 1.2 A rig must hoist a load of 300,000 lbf. The drawworks can provide an input power to the block and tackle system as high as 500 hp. Eight lines are strung between the crown block and traveling block. Calculate 1. The static tension in the fast line when upward motion is impending, 2. the maximum hook horsepower available, Example 1.2, cont. 3. the maximum hoisting speed, 4. the actual derrick load, 5. the maximum equivalent derrick load, and, 6. the derrick efficiency factor. Assume that the rig floor is arranged as shown in Fig. 1.17. 14 Circulating System Introduction Power System Hoisting System Circulating System Rotary System Well Control System Well Monitoring System 15 Schematic of Rig Circulating System for liquid drilling fluid 16 17 Example 1.3 Compute the pump factor in units of barrels per stroke for a double-acting duplex pump having: 6.5-inch liners (d L ) 2.5 inch rods (d r ) 18-inch strokes (L S ) and a volumetric efficiency of 90%. (E V ) 18 Pump Factor = 3 * p /4 d L 2 L S E V / (231 * 42) 19 Example:   Pump Factor for Triplex Pump 20 Example: Pump Rate = Pump Factor * Strokes/min = 0.09442 = 7.554 bbl/min = 317.3 gal/min Pump Rate = 317 gal/min 21 Hydrocyclone desander desilter * No moving parts * Low cost * Pressure drop * Diameter 22 Decanting Centrifuge Use? 23 Use? 24 Rotary System Introduction Power System Hoisting System Circulating System Rotary System Well Control System Well Monitoring System HW #. ADE 1.12, 1.13, 1.14 25 Fig. 1.33 Schematic of Rotary System 26 Fig. 1.34 Cutaway View of Swivel ROTATING * Seals * Bearings 27 Fig. 1.38 Cutaway View and Dimensions for Example Tool Joint PIN BOX TJ Shoulder 28 Fig. 1.39 Stabilizer * Keeps pipe in center of hole * Aids in drilling straight hole * Prolongs bit life 29 Well Control System Introduction Power System Hoisting System Circulating System Rotary System Well Control System Well Monitoring System 30 Fig. 1.41 Kick Detection During Drilling Operations 1 2 3 KICK GAIN IN PIT VOLUME EQUAL TO KICK VOLUME 31 Fig. 1.46 Remote Control Panel for operating Blowout Preventers CHOKE What to do if KICK occurs? 32 Fig. 1.44 Annular Blowout Preventer DP TJ DC OH Press 33 Ram Blowout Preventer 34 Ram Blowout Preventer - cont’d SHEAR / BLIND RAM ASSEMBLY 35 Fig. 1.48 Rotating Blowout Preventer 36 Fig. 1.51 High-Pressure Circulating System for Well Control Operations Keep BHP const. Kick 37 Well Monitoring System Introduction Power System Hoisting System Circulating System Rotary System Well Control System Well Monitoring System 38 Fig. 1.56 Subsurface Well Monitoring System MWD