Bài giảng Quản trị kinh doanh - Creating and using meaning

2/ePPT 5CreatingandUsingMeaningMcGraw-Hill/IrwinWhat Meaning MeansAssuming You Know What I MeanConveyor-belt fallacyassumption that because a message is sent and received, the receiver therefore understands what the message meansThe Meaning in MessagesIntended meaningmeaning the sender has in mind when designing his or her messageInterpreted meaningmeaning the receiver interprets from the messageWhat Meaning MeansWhen we send messages, as if on a conveyor belt, we assume people understand what we mean.FIGURE 5.1 The Conveyor Belt FallacyHow We Create MeaningPerceptionOrganizationInterpretationSigns and SymbolsSignsomething that people agree represents something else and is usually linked with what it representsSymboltype of sign that has an indirect association to what it representsHow We Create MeaningFIGURE 5.2 How We Create Meaning© Giraudon/Art Resource, NYHow We Create MeaningFIGURE 5.3 Storm SignDark, gray clouds are a sign that a storm is approaching© Royalty-Free/ORBISThe Contexts of MeaningContextphysical, social, and psychological situation in which a communication event occursIntrapersonal ContextIntrapersonal decodingprocess of receiving data that originate either inside or outside ourselves and then interpreting and assigning meaning to those dataIntrapersonal encodingprocess of organizing data and translating thoughts into a managed internal responseThe Contexts of MeaningFIGURE 5.4 The Contexts of MeaningThe Contexts of MeaningThe meaning of words or nonverbal behaviors can be confusing without knowledge of the cultural and interpersonal contexts.© Royalty-Free/CORBISThe Contexts of MeaningPersonal History ContextCultural ContextInterpersonal ContextBusiness Context© Ryan McVay/Getty ImagesThe Meanings of WordsSemanticsrelationship between words and the meanings we attach to them Concrete Wordsassociated with objects or events that we have experienced through our sensesThe Meanings of Words Abstract Wordsideas or concepts that we cannot directly experience through our sensesPractice Designing and Interpreting MeaningDesigning meaningInterpreting meaningSpecific and Vague Message MeaningsSpecific Meaning in Business MessagesSpecific business messagesstraightforward, explicit, and clear, with nothing hiddenVague Meaning in Business MessagesVague business messagescouch our intentions in ambiguous language or behaviorSpecific and Vague Message MeaningsBlaming the ReceiverWill My Audience “Get” What I Mean?Both the message sender and the receiver have responsibility for effective communication and meaning clarity.© Comstock/PunchStock?Questions