Bài giảng môn Quản trị kinh doanh - Culture: Inside and out

2/ePPT 12Culture:Inside and OutMcGraw-Hill/IrwinA Macro View of CultureWe learn culture through interaction with family, friends, and other members of society.© Steve Mason/Getty ImagesA Macro View of CultureWhat Is Culture?Culturecommunally produced and shared model of reality that communicates how people are expected to behave, think, and feelHow Do We Learn Culture?Socializationlearning through a system of shared interaction with other peopleA Macro View of CultureFIGURE 12.1 Macro View of CultureA Macro View of CultureA Macro View of CultureCommunicationDirect and indirectRank, status, and ageDiscussion and debateWorking togetherIntercultural Writing and SpeakingWriting from an International PerspectiveWritten greetingsWords to useWhat to includeSpeaking styleListeningNonverbal BehaviorA Macro View of WorkforceInclusion and DiversityDiversitypeople from many different backgrounds and perspectivesEthnocentrismbelief that one’s own culture is superior to othersA Macro View of WorkforceInclusion and DiversityRace/EthnicityRaceinherited biological characteristics of a group such as skin color, facial features, and other physical variationsEthnicityethnic heritage and related cultural characteristics of a given groupA Macro View of WorkforceInclusion and DiversityRace/Ethnicity (continued)Nonverbal Cultural DifferencesHand gesturesEye contactPhysical spaceA Macro View of WorkforceInclusion and DiversityAgeStereotypes about age can damage productivity1. older phased out by younger, cheaper workers2. younger not taken seriouslyA Macro View of WorkforceInclusion and DiversitySocioeconomicsGenderGender Differences Women and MenCommunicating professionallyCommunicating sociallyA Macro View of WorkforceInclusion and DiversitySexual OrientationPhysical DisabilitiesWorkers with disabilities are an important part of a diverse workforce.© Keith Brofsky/Getty ImagesA Macro View of WorkforceInclusion and DiversityPractice DiversityRace and ethnicitySocioeconomicsGenderSexual orientationPhysical abilitiesA Micro View of Organizational CultureCorporate culturethe way the organization operates, how it is structured, how members are expected to behave, and what the organization believes is importantCo-cultureslike organizations, are smaller groups that exist within the larger culture and have their own values, beliefs, and codes for behaviorA Micro View of Organizational CultureFIGURE 12.2 Micro View of CultureDeep Organizational CultureDeep culturethe organization’s identity or personality, what it believes, perceives, and considers importantDeep Organizational CultureValues and BeliefsValuesrepresent a set of shared principles defining what is important to members of an organizationBeliefsfeelings or opinions about what is right or trueDeep Organizational CulturePerspectives and AttitudesPerspectiveparticular way of thinking about the worldAttitudelearned inclination toward, or perception of, an idea, object, or personDeep Organizational CultureVisionVisionorganization’s purpose, mission, & future directionObservable Organizational CultureObservable cultureinvolves the aspects of culture that can be seen, heard, or directly experienced by peopleObservable Organizational Culture Normsa series of behavior codes that guide acceptable conductUnconscious NormsInstitutional RulesObservable Organizational Culture Rites and Ritualsvarious activities, ceremonies, and celebrations—particular performance interactions that convey organizational valuesObservable Organizational CultureCelebrations and ceremonies reinforce company values and can unite employees as a team.© Ryan McVay/Getty ImagesObservable Organizational Culture Heroesorganizational members who best demonstrate and symbolize company values Loreinvolves stories or legends shared by members that reveal company history, appropriate conduct, and valuesHow Lore WorksObservable Organizational CultureLore (continued)Themes of Organizational Lore1. How does the company feel about rule breaking?2. Is the boss human?3. Will I get fired?4. How does the company deal with obstacles?Observable Organizational CulturePractice Organizational CultureCultureValues• customer service• valuing employeesNorms and rules• meeting project deadlines• observing dress codesRites and rituals• company picnics, retirement dinners, eventsObservable Organizational CulturePractice Organizational Culture (continued)Culture (continued)Company hero• considered outstanding by other employees• well known in the companyLore• stories told at meetings during informal conversations on the company grapevine?Questions