Bài giảng môn học Quản trị kinh doanh - Chapter six: Percents and their applications

Chapter SixPercents and Their ApplicationsCopyright © 2014 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/IrwinLU 6-1: ConversionsConvert decimals to percents (including rounding percents), percents to decimals, and fractions to percents.Convert percents to fractions.LU 6-2: Application of Percents—Portion FormulaList and define the key elements of the portion formula.Solve for one unknown of the portion formula when the other two key elements are given.Calculate the rate of percent decreases and increases.Learning unit objectivesTable 6.1 - Bag of M&M’s Decimal PercentColor Fraction (hundredth) (hundredth)Yellow 18 .33 32.73% 55Red 10 .18 18.18% 55Blue 9 .16 16.36% 55Orange 7 .13 12.73% 55Brown 6 .11 10.91% 55Green 5 .09 9.09% 55 Total 55 1.00 100.00% 55 = 1Converting Decimals to Percents.66668800Step 1. Move decimal point 2 places to the right. You are multiplying by 100. If necessary, add zeros.Step 2. Add a percent symbol at the end of the number.Step 1Step 2Step 1Step 2%%Rounding Percents.05882355.88%Step 1. When you convert from a fraction or decimal, be sure your answer is in percent before rounding.Step 2. Identify the specific digit. If the digit to the right of the identified digit is 5 or greater, round the identified digit.Step 3. Delete digits to the right of the identified digit. 1 %17.0588235Rounding Percents 18 55.327272732.73%32.73727% 55 18.000000 =Step 1Step 2Step 3Converting Percents to Decimals66%8.244824.4%Step 1. Drop the percent symbol. Step 2. Move decimal point 2 places to the left. You are dividing by 100. If necessary, add zeros.66.66824.4Converting Fractional Percents to Decimals .0775Step 1. Convert a single fraction percent to its decimal equivalent by dividing the numerator by the denominator. Step 2. If a fractional percent is combined with a whole number (mixed fractional percent) convert the fractional percent first. Then combine the whole number and the fractional percent.Step 3. Drop the percent symbol; move the decimal point two places to the left (this divides the number by 100).7 %3 4.00251 %41 / 4 = 31 / 4 = .2507.75Converting Fractions to Percents3475%Step 1. Divide the numerator by the denominator to convert the fraction to a decimal. Step 2. Move decimal point 2 places to the right; add the percent symbol.20%153 / 4 =1 / 5 = .75 .20Converting a Whole Percent (or a Fractional Percent) to a Fraction156%1Step 1. Drop the percent symbol. Step 2. Multiply the number by 1/100.Step 3. Reduce to lowest terms. 18001425156156 X 1 /100 =156 100= 1 56 100181%81 X81 /100 =Converting Percents to Decimals12.5%18Step 1. Drop the percent symbol. Step 2. Change the mixed percent to an improper fraction.Step 3. Multiply the number by 1/100.Step 4. Reduce to lowest terms.Note: If you have a mixed or decimal percent, change the decimal portion to fractional equivalent and continue with Steps 1 to 4.1825 2X 1 100=1212% = 25200==1212% =25 2 X 1 100= 25200=Solve Percents with the Portion FormulaWhen solving problems involving portion, base, or rate, you must give two of these elements.Portion (P) = Base (B) x Rate (R)Solving for PortionSales of Milk Chocolate M&M’s® are 80% of total M&M’s® sales. Total M&M’s® sales are $400,000. What are the sales of Milk Chocolate M&M’s®?Portion (P) = Base (B) x Rate (R)P = $400,000 x .80P = $320,000Solving for BaseSales of Peanut and other M&M’s® chocolate candies are 20% of total M&M’s® sales. Sales of Milk Chocolate M&M’s® sales are $320,000. What are the total sales of all M&M’s®? Portion Rate $320,000 .80 B = $400,000 Base =320,000 is 80% of base (1.00 - .20)Base =Solving for RateSales of Milk Chocolate M&M’s® are $320,000. Total M&M’s® sales are $400,000. What is the percent of Milk Chocolate M&M’s® sales compared to total M&M’s® sales? Portion Base $320, 000 $400,000R = 80%Rate =Rate = Calculating Percent Decreases and IncreasesStep 1. Find the difference between amounts (such as advertising costs).Step 2. Divide step 1 by the original amount (the base): R = P / B. Be sure to express your answer in percent.Rate of Percent IncreaseRate = Portion Base 2.40 oz 16.00 ozRate = .15 or 15% increaseSheila Leary went to her local supermarket and bought a bag ofM&M’s®. The bag gave its weight as 18.40 ounces, which was 15% more than a regular 1-pound bag of M&M’s®. Sheila, who is a careful shopper, wanted to check and see if she was actually getting a 15% increase.Rate = Difference between old and new amountOld amountRate of Percent DecreaseRate = Portion BaseRate = .25 or 25% decreaseThe increase in the price of sugar caused the M&M/Mars company to decrease the weight of each 1-pound bag of M&M’s® to 12 ounces. What is the rate of percent decrease? 4 oz 16.00 ozRate = Difference between old and new amountOld amount