Bài giảng môn học Quản trị kinh doanh - Chapter 14: Materials and resource requirements planning

Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.CHAPTER 14Materials and Resource Requirements PlanningMcGraw-Hill/IrwinLearning ObjectivesLO14-1 Explain material requirements planning (MRP)LO14-2 Conduct MRP at multiple levels in the bill of materials (BOM)LO14-3 Explain use of distribution requirements planning LO14-4 Conduct capacity requirements planningLO14-5 Describe how material and resource planning works with enterprise requirements planningLO14-6 Explain how advanced planning and scheduling systems improve planning14–2Requirements Planning Independent Demand: demand created by customers Dependent Demand: demand is driven by demand of another itemMRP: computes demand for dependent itemsDRP: computes demand for finished goods in the distribution systemCRP: determines if sufficient resources are available14–3LO14-1MRP and DRP in the Supply Chain 14–4Figure 14-1LO14-1MRP Process: An Overview 14–5Figure 14-3LO14-1MRP Inputs: Bill of MaterialsBill of Materials (BOM): detailed listing of all materials needed to make an end itemFigure 14-514–6LO14-2ActivitySelect one of the items below and develop a product structure BOM:ChairDesk 2 dozen cupcakesSet of golf clubsProduct of your choice14–7LO14-2MRP Inputs: Master Production Schedule Master Production Schedule (MPS): schedule for building finished productsTime Bucket: time periods for planningPlanning Horizon: entire time period covered by the MPSAvailable to Promise (ATP): planned production not already committed to a customerRough-cut Capacity Planning: estimates the critical resources needed to build MPS14–8LO14-2MRP Inputs: Inventory Records Inventory Records: contains information about inventory including amount on handInventory status file: file that contains detailed inventory and procurement recordsLot-for-lot: an order for the exact amount neededFixed order quantity (FOQ): an order for the same amount each timePeriodic order quantity (POQ): an order for an amount that covers a fixed order period of time14–9LO14-2MRP Process14–10LO14-2Distribution Requirements Planning (DRP) Distribution Requirements Planning (DRP): an estimate of the quantity and positioning of finished goods inventory.14–11LO14-3Capacity Requirements Planning (CRP) Capacity Requirements Planning (CRP): an estimate of capacity neededInfinite Loading: assumption of infinite capacityLoad Profile: comparison of capacity needs to what is needed14–12LO14-4Advances in Planning Systems: ERP Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): software that consolidates all business planning systems and data14–13LO14-5Replaced old legacy systemsHas multi-function capabilitiesFacilitates cross-functional coordinationSaves timeReduces errorsEnables better business decisionsAdvances in Planning Systems: APS Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS): combines materials and capacity planning into one systemProduces better plans, faster by avoiding disjointed iterative planning processesHelps managers to identify and avoid problems Allows managers to quickly evaluate alternatives and generate contingency plans14–14LO14-6Materials and Resource Requirements Planning SummaryDependent demand is for raw materials, parts, and subassemblies.MRP inputs include MPS, BOM and inventory records.MRP determines how much and when to orderMRP outputs include reports for operations planningDRP applies MRP logic to the distribution networkMRP plans must be balanced with available capacity using CRPTechnology is streamlining the planning process14–15