7 bí quyết cho người học tiếng anh

7 secrets for english learners (7 bÝ quyÕt cho ng−êi häc tiÕng Anh) ***from Josef Essberger Secret 1: LEARN ABOUT WORD STRESS (BÝ quyÕt 1: T×m hiÓu träng ©m cña tõ) Word Stress is golden key number one for speaking and understanding English. Word Stress is “very important” ... This is one of the “best” ways for you to understand spoken English – especially English spoken fast. (Träng ©m cña tõ lµ ch×a khãa vµng sè 1 ®Ó nãi vµ hiÓu tiÕng Anh. Träng ©m cña tõ rÊt quan träng ... §©y lµ mét trong nh÷ng c¸ch hay nhÊt ®Ó b¹n hiÓu tiÕng Anh ng−êi ta nãi - ®Æc biÖt lµ tiÕng Anh nãi nhanh). What is Word Stress? (Träng ©m cña tõ lµ g×?) Take 3 words: photograph, photographer and photographic, for example. Do they sound the same when spoken? No! They sound different, because “one” syllable in each word is “stressed” (stronger than the others). (H1y lÊy vÝ dô 3 tõ: photograph, photographer vµ photographic. Khi nãi lªn, chóng nghe cã gièng nhau kh«ng? Kh«ng! Chóng nghe kh¸c nhau v× trong mçi ch÷ cã mét vÇn ®−îc nhÊn m¹nh h¬n c¸c vÇn kh¸c). PHotograph phoTOgrapher photoGHRAPHic This happens in ALL words with 2 or more syllables: TEACHer, JaPAN, CHINa, aBOVE, converSAtion, INteresting, imPORtant, deMAND, etCETera. The syllables that are not stressed are ‘weak’ or ‘small’ or ‘quiet’. Native speakers of English listen for the stressed syllables, not the weak syllables. If you use Word Stress in your speech, you will instantly and automatically improve your pronunciation and your comprehension. If you have an English teacher, ask her to help you understand Word Stress. Try to hear the stress in words each time you listen to English – on the radio, or in films for example. Your first step is to “hear” and recorgnise it. After that, you can “use” it! (§iÒu nµy x¶y ra trong tÊt c¶ c¸c tõ cã 2 vÇn trë lªn ... C¸c vÇn kh«ng nhÊn th× gäi lµ ‘yÕu’ hay ‘nhÑ’. Ng−êi b¶n ng÷ nãi tiÕng Anh l¾ng nghe c¸c vÇn ®−îc nhÊn chø hä kh«ng ®Ó ý nghe nh÷ng vÇn ‘yÕu’. NÕu b¹n sö dông träng ©m cña tõ trong lêi nãi, b¹n sÏ nhanh chãng vµ tù ®éng trau giåi c¸ch ph¸t ©m vµ kh¶ n¨ng hiÓu cña m×nh trë nªn kh¸ h¬n. NÕu b¹n cã gi¸o viªn d¹y th× h1y nhê gi¸o viªn gióp ®Ó hiÓu träng ©m cña tõ. H1y cè nhËn ra träng ©m c¸c tõ mçi khi b¹n nghe tiÕng Anh – trªn ra®i«, trong phim ch¼ng h¹n. B−íc ®Çu tiªn lµ ‘nghe’ vµ nhËn ra nã. Sau ®ã b¹n cã thÓ ‘dïng’ nã.) More about Word Stress (with audio files): A best friend is like a four leaf clover: hard to find and lucky to have. (B¹n hiÒn nh− l¸ diªu b«ng §i t×m khã gÆp, t−¬ng phïng h÷u duyªn.). Secret 2: sentence stress (BÝ quyÕt 2: Träng ©m trong c©u) Sentence Stress is golden key number two for speaking and understanding English. With Sentence Stress, some *words* in a sentence are “stressed” (loud) and other words are weak (quiet). Look at the following sentence: (Träng ©m trong c©u lµ ch×a khãa vµng thø 2 ®Ó nãi vµ hiÓu tiÕng Anh. Víi träng ©m trong c©u, mét sè tõ trong mét c©u ®−îc nhÊn m¹nh cßn nh÷ng tõ kh¸c th× ®äc yÕu. B¹n h1y nh×n c©u sau ®©y:) We want to go Do we say every word with the same tress and force? No! We make the important words *big* and the unimportant words small. What are the important words in this sentence? Yes, you’re right: WANT and GO. (Cã ph¶i ch÷ nµo chóng ta còng ®äc m¹nh nh− nhau kh«ng? Kh«ng! Chóng ta h1y viÕt nh÷ng tõ quan träng b»ng ch÷ in lín vµ nh÷ng tõ kh«ng quan träng b»ng ch÷ in nhá. Nh÷ng tõ nµo lµ quan träng trong c©u nµy? Ph¶i råi, WANT vµ GO.) We WANT to GO. We WANT to GO to WORK. We DON’T WANT to GO to WORK. We DON’T WANT to GO to WORK at NIGHT. It’s impossible to explain everything about Sentence Stress here. The important thing for you is that you know it exists and try to learn about it. Sentence Stress is *very important*! (ë ®©y kh«ng thÓ gi¶i thÝch ®Çy ®ñ vÒ träng ©m trong c©u. §iÒu quan träng ®èi víi b¹n lµ ph¶i biÕt cã nã vµ cè g¾ng häc ®iÓm nµy. Träng ©m trong c©u lµ rÊt quan träng!) Anyone can become angry – that is easy. But to be angry with the right person, to the right degree, at the right time, for the right purpose, and in the right way – this is not easy. ___aristotle___ (BÊt cø ai còng cã thÓ næi giËn - ®iÒu Êy dÔ. Nh−ng giËn ®óng ng−êi, ®óng møc, ®óng lóc, ®óng môc ®Ých vµ giËn ®óng c¸ch - ®iÒu nµy míi lµ khã.) Secret 3: listen! Listen! Listen! (BÝ quyÕt 3: Nghe vµ h·y l¾ng nghe!) Students sometimes say: ‘I don’t listen to the news on the radio because it’s too fast for me and I can’t understand it.’. That’s a pity! When it’s too fast for you, when you can’t understand it, that is exactly when you NEED to lesten to it!!! How can you improve if you don’t listen and practise? (C¸c sinh viªn ®«i khi nãi: “Em kh«ng nghe tin tøc trªn ra®i« v× nã nhanh qu¸ ®èi víi em nªn em kh«ng hiÓu”. ThËt ®¸ng tiÕc! Khi nã nhanh qu¸ vµ em kh«ng hiÓu ®−îc ®ã chÝnh lµ lóc c¸c em cÇn ph¶i l¾ng nghe chø!!! NÕu c¸c em kh«ng l¾ng tai tËp nghe th× lµm sao mµ nghe giái cho ®−îc?) When you were a baby, did you understand your own language? When you were 3 weeks old, or 2 months, or 1 year, did you understand everything? Of course not! But you learned to understand by listening. Think about it. You learned to understand your own language by listening, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. After that, you learned to speak. Then you learned to read. And then you learned to write. But listening came first! (Khi míi sinh ra , c¸c em cã hiÓu tiÕng nãi cña c¸c em kh«ng? Lóc c¸c em ®−îc 3 tuÇn hay 2 th¸ng hoÆc 1 n¨m tuæi c¸c em cã hiÓu hÕt mäi thø kh«ng? DÜ nhiªn lµ kh«ng! Muèn hiÓu ®−îc c¸c em ph¶i l¾ng nghe. H1y nhí nh− vËy! §Ó hiÓu ng«n ng÷ cña chÝnh m×nh c¸c em ®1 häc b»ng c¸ch nghe, 24 giê mçi ngµy, 7 ngµy mçi tuÇn. Sau ®ã c¸c em häc nãi. Råi th× häc ®äc vµ tiÕp ®Õn lµ häc viÕt. Nh−ng l¾ng nghe lµ viÖc tr−íc tiªn!) Secret 4: don’t listen! (BÝ quyÕt 4: §õng l¾ng nghe!) In the last secret I said LISTEN! LISTEN! LISTEN! Now I say don’t listen! What do I mean? (Trong bÝ quyÕt võa råi t«i nãi: L¾ng nghe, h1y l¾ng nghe! B©y giê t«i l¹i nãi: §õng l¾ng nghe! ý t«i muèn nãi g× ®©y?) Do you know the difference between the verbs TO LISTEN and TO HEAR? TO LISTEN is active. TO HEAR is passive. Sometimes you can LISTEN too hard. Sometimes you can TRY too hard. Sometimes it is better only to HEAR. Let the radio play. Let the cassette play. But DON’T listen. Just HEAR. Your subconscious sill listen for you. And you will still learn. If you listen and try to understand, you may block on one word and get frustrated. Don’t worry! Just HEAR!. Let it play. And you - you do nothing. Your brain will HEAR, your subconscious will LISTEN and you will LEARN! (B¹n cã biÕt sù kh¸c nhau gi÷a hai ®éng tõ L¾ng nghe vµ Nghe kh«ng? L¾ng nghe cã tÝnh c¸ch chñ ®éng. Nghe cã tÝnh c¸ch bÞ ®éng. §«i khi b¹n cã thÓ l¾ng nghe hÕt søc ch¨m chó. §«i khi b¹n cã thÓ cè r¸ng søc ®Ó nghe. §«i khi tèt h¬n b¹n chØ cÇn NGHE th«i. Cø ®Ó mÆc cho b¨ng nãi g× th× nãi. B¹n chØ NGHE th«i. TiÒm thøc cña b¹n sÏ l¾ng nghe giïm cho b¹n. ThÕ nh−ng b¹n vÉn häc ®−îc. Khi l¾ng tai, cè hiÓu cã thÓ b¹n sÏ kÑt mét tõ vµ c¶m thÊy bùc m×nh. B¹n chí lo! Cø nghe th«i! H1y ®Ó b¨ng ch¹y – cßn b¹n th× chí lµm g× c¶. Bé n1o cña b¹n sÏ l¾ng nghe vµ b¹n sÏ häc ®−îc th«i! God gave us two ears and one mouth so that we can hear twice as much as we say. (Th−îng §Õ cho chóng ta hai lç tai vµ mét c¸i miÖng ®Ó chóng ta cã thÓ nghe nhiÒu h¬n nãi gÊp hai lÇn.) More about NOT listening: Secret 5: improve your vocabulary with 5 words a day! (BÝ quyÕt 5: Trau dåi tõ vùng víi 5 tõ mçi ngµy) Vocabulary is easy! How many days in a year are there? – 365, normally (on Earth). If you learn only 5 new words a day, you will learn 5 x 365 = 1825 new words in a year. ONE THOUSAND, EIGHT HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIVE WORDS. That is a lot of new words. And we are not counting all the other words you will learn in other ways – reading, conversation etc. Buy a notebook and write in 5 new words EACH day, EVERY day. Learn them!!! You will soon have an excellent vocabulary. (Tõ vùng dÔ th«i mµ! Mçi n¨m cã bao nhiªu ngµy? – 365 ngµy, th«ng th−êng lµ nh− vËy. NÕu mçi ngµy b¹n chØ häc 5 tõ th× mçi n¨m b¹n sÏ häc ®−îc 5 x 365 = 1825 tõ míi. Mét ngµn t¸m tr¨m hai m−¬i l¨m tõ. ThÕ lµ nhiÒu tõ míi råi. Êy lµ ch−a tÝnh tÊt c¶ c¸c tõ b¹n sÏ häc ®−îc theo nh÷ng c¸ch kh¸c – nh− ®äc s¸ch, trß chuyÖn v.v... H1y mua mét cuèn sæ tay vµ viÕt vµo ®ã 5 tõ, MçI NGµY vµ MäI NGµY. H1y häc c¸c tõ ®ã ®i!!! Ch¼ng mÊy chèc b¹n sÏ cã mét vèn tõ rÊt lín.) * FUNNY QUESTIONS: 1. What is white it’s dirty and black when it’s clean? 2. What letter of the alphabet is an insect? 3. What letter is a part of the head? 4. What letter is a drink? 5. What letter is a body of water? 6. What letter is a vegetable? => Solution: 1. A blackboard. 2. B (bee). 3. I (eye). 4. T (tea). 5. C (sea). 6. P (pea). Secret 6: 30 minutes a day better than 3.5 hours a week (BÝ quyÕt 6: 30 phót mçi ngµy tèt h¬n 3,5 giê mçi tuÇn) In fact, 30 minutes of English study once a day is better than 5 hours once a week! Study regulary. Study often. (Qu¶ thËt häc tiÕng Anh 30 phót mçi ngµy tèt h¬n lµ mçi tuÇn häc lu«n 5 giê mét lÇn! H1y häc ®Òu ®Æn. Häc th−êng xuyªn.) LITTLE + OFTEN is better than LOT + SOMETIMES It’s easier, too. You can easily find 30 minutes each day. How? You can ger up 30 minutes earlier. Or have a shorter lunch break. Fix a particular time every day – and keep it! (§iÒu ®ã còng dÔ thùc hiÖn n÷a. Mçi ngµy b¹n dÔ dµng t×m ®−îc 30 phót. B»ng c¸ch nµo? B¹n cã thÓ thøc dËy sím h¬n 30 phót. HoÆc b¹n h1y rót ng¾n giê nghØ tr−a. Mçi ngµy h1y Ên ®Þnh 1 lóc cô thÓ vµ gi÷ ®óng giê!) Secret 7: revise! Revise! Revise! (BÝ quyÕt 7: H1y «n tËp, «n tËp m1i!) If you revise, you’ll improve your learning by 100%. “to revise” means “to read again”. When you learn something, you should note it. Then you should “look at it again”, 3 times: - After 1 day. - After 1 week. - After 1 month. Each time you revise, test yourself. Learn, revise, test. Revise, test. Revise, test. (NÕu «n tËp b¹n sÏ häc tèt h¬n 100%. “¤n tËp” cã nghÜa lµ “®äc l¹i”. Khi häc b¹n ph¶i ghi chó. Sau ®ã b¹n nªn ®äc l¹i 3 lÇn: - Sau 1 ngµy. - Sau 1 tuÇn. - Sau 1 th¸ng. Mçi lÇn «n tËp, b¹n h1y tù kiÓm tra. Häc, «n tËp, kiÓm tra. ¤n tËp, kiÓm tra. ¤n tËp, kiÓm tra.